Global Ionospheric Disturbance Propagation and Vertical Ionospheric Oscillation Triggered by the 2022 Tonga Volcanic Eruption

The Tonga volcano erupted on 15 January 2022, at 04:15:45 UTC, which significantly influenced the atmosphere and space environment, same time, an unprecedented opportunity to monitor ionospheric anomalies is provided by its powerful eruption. In current studies of traveling disturbance (TID) triggered 2022 volcanic eruption, particular phenomenon disturbances in various parts world has not been reasonably explained, vertical are still effectively detected. this paper, we calculate high-precision slant total electron content (STEC) from more than 3000 ground-based GPS stations distributed around world, then obtain radio occultation (RO) data near-field COSMIC-2 profiles investigate horizontal TID singular spectrum analysis (SSA). Horizontal propagation captured STEC results indicates that acoustic-gravity waves dominate energy input beginning with approximate speed 1050 m/s initially. With dissipation shock energy, lamb become a dominant mode disturbances, moving stable about 326 range 16,000 km beyond far-field. Local characteristics evident during disturbance, such as conjugation Australia rapid decay Europe. shock-Lamb-tsunami waves’ multi-fluctuation coupling recorded successively RO observation data. Lamb can perturb whole altitude. contrast, caused tsunami much smaller waves. addition, magnetic field, induced higher towards northern hemisphere southern hemisphere.